For a plain view seizure, which elements must the officer establish?

• A. Probable cause that the item is contraband and that its incriminating nature is immediately apparent.
• B. A search warrant is required.
• C. The item is located inside a residence.
• D. Consent was given by a third party.

Answer: (A)

Plain view seizure rests on the officer being lawfully present where the item is seen and recognizing, without further searching, that the item is evidence of a crime or contraband. The essential link is that the incriminating nature is immediately apparent, and there is probable cause to seize the item based on what is viewed. This means the officer doesn’t need a warrant if the item is clearly evidence just by sight and the officer has a reasonable belief it is linked to criminal activity. The choices requiring a warrant, limiting the item to inside a residence, or needing third‑party consent aren’t needed for a valid plain view seizure.