What must a search warrant be based on with regard to probable cause?

• A. A sworn affidavit establishing probable cause
• B. An unsigned note
• C. A verbal request
• D. A consent form

Answer: (A)

Probable cause for a search warrant is shown through a sworn affidavit that lays out facts and circumstances giving rise to a fair probability that evidence or contraband will be found in the place to be searched. The affidavit is sworn under oath, typically by the officer, and presented to a judge or magistrate who must determine whether those facts justify intruding on a person’s privacy. An unsigned note, a verbal request, or a consent form do not provide the required sworn, factual basis for a warrant; a consent form is a voluntary permission scenario, not a basis for a search warrant, and the other options lack the oath and documented facts needed to establish probable cause.